The answer here probably depends on what type of satellite image data you are wanting to use. Is it pft or lai data or something else? If it is pft or lai data then maybe the CLM landuse tool is appropriate:
Tool used to generate a transient land use and land cover change input data file for use by CLM5 in CESM2 simulations
www2.cesm.ucar.edu
You might contact the author directly about that: lawrence @ ucar.edu.
If it's something different then maybe just following the format of the existing raw data would work. There should be an example namelist of the raw input datasets in tools/mksurfdata_map/ called mksurfdata_map.namelist. So for example the lake raw data is:
mksrf_flakwat = '/glade/p/cesm/cseg/inputdata/lnd/clm2/rawdata/mksrf_LakePnDepth_3x3min_simyr2004_csplk_c151015.nc'
and the mapping file is:
map_flakwat = '/glade/p/cesm/cseg/inputdata/lnd/clm2/mappingdata/maps/10x15/map_3x3min_MODIS-wCsp_to_10x15_nomask_aave_da_c160425.nc'
This a 10x15 grid example, but there are mapping files at various resolutions available.